- Explain the depositional landforms formed by groundwater. Answer: The depositional landform formed by the groundwater are: Stalactites: Stalactites hang as icicles of different diameter. Normally they are broad at their bases and taper towards the...Link: https://libguides.mq.edu.au/Multisearch/unitreadings
- Pillars: The stalagmite and stalactite eventually fuse to give rise to column and pillars. Question 2. How are river terrace formed? Answer: River terrace are basically products of erosion as they result due to vertical erosion by the stream into...Link: https://tdi.texas.gov/agent/personal-property-casualty-apply.html
- Glaciers can cause significant damage to even un-weathered rocks and can reduce high mountains into low hills and plains. Stalagmites may take the shape of a column, a disc, with either a smooth, rounded bulging end or a miniature crater like depression. The stalagmite and stalactites eventually fuse to give rise to columns and pillars of different diameters. As glaciers continue to move, debris gets removed, divides get lowered and eventually the slope is reduced to such an extent that glaciers will stop moving leaving only a mass of low hills and vast outwash plains along with other depositional features. The cirques quite often are found at the heads of glacial valleys. The accumulated ice cuts these cirques while moving down the mountain tops. Horns and Serrated Ridges: Horns form through head ward erosion of the cirque walls.Link: https://quizlet.com/544686397/prosthetics-practice-exam-flash-cards/
- If three or more radiating glaciers cut headward until their cirques meet, high, sharp pointed and steep sided peaks called horns form. Question 5. What are different depositional landforms created by oceans. Answer: Sea waves also deposit their eroded materials. It gives birth to following landforms. Beaches and Dunes: Beaches are characteristic of shorelines that are dominated by deposition, but may occur as patches along even the rugged shores.Link: http://wiki.ros.org/vfh_recognition
- Most of the sediment making up the beaches comes from land carried by the streams and rivers or from wave erosion. Beaches are temporary features. Bars: A ridge of sand and shingle formed in the sea in the off-shore zone from the position of low tide waterline to seaward lying approximately parallel to the coast is called an off-shore bar. Barriers: An off-shore bar which is exposed due to further addition of sand is termed as barrier bar. Spits: The off-shore bars and barriers commonly form across the mouth of a river or at the entrance of a bay. Sometimes such barrier bars get keyed up to one end of the bay when they are called spits. Question 6. What are the causes behind formation of river meander landform? Or Meander is not a landform but is only a type of channel pattern.Link: https://zht.epasmbabane.pw/
- Answer: Meander is not a landform but is only a type of channel pattern because of Propensity of water flowing over very gentle gradients to work laterally on the banks. Unconsolidated nature of alluvial deposits making up the banks with many irregularities which can be used by water exerting pressure. Coriolis force acting on the fluid water deflecting, it like it deflects the wind. When the gradient of the channel becomes extremely low, water flows leisurely and starts working laterally. Normally, in meanders of large rivers, there is active deposition along the convex bank and undercutting along the concave bank. The concave bank is known as cut-off bank which shows up as a steep scarp and the convex bank presents a long, gentle profile and is known as slip-off bank. As meanders grow into deep loops, the same may get cut-off due to erosion at the inflection points and are left as Ox-bow.Link: https://blog.redpillanalytics.com/using-oracles-baseline-validation-tool-with-obiee-part-2-c9a5572f80bb
- Question 7. Explain the process of formation of sand dunes. Answer: There are two types of sand dunes: 1. Sand dunes in deserts: Dry hot deserts are good places for sand dune formation. Obstacles to initiate dune formation are equally important. There can be a great variety of dune forms. Crescent shaped dunes called barchans with the points or wings directed away from wind direction i. Parabolic dunes form when sandy surfaces are partially covered with vegetation. That means parabolic dunes are reversed barchans with wind direction being the same. Longitudinal dunes form when supply of sand is poor and wind direction is constant.Link: https://aefcool.org/students-2/what-do-colleges-look-for/
- They appear as long ridges of considerable length but low in height. Transverse dunes are aligned perpendicular to wind direction. These dunes form when the wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction. They may be very long and low in height. When sand is plenty, quite often, the regular shaped dunes coalesce and lose their individual characteristics. Sand Dunes formed by waves: The sandy beach which appears so permanent may be reduced to a very narrow strip of coarse pebbles in some other season. Most of the beaches are made up of sand sized materials. Beaches called shingle beaches contain excessively small pebbles and even cobbles. Just behind the beach, the sands lifted and winnowed from over the beach surfaces will be deposited as sand dunes. Sand dunes forming long ridges parallel to the coastline are very common along low sedimentary coasts.Link: https://support.sap.com/en/alm/sap-cloud-alm.html
- Question 8. What are playas or alkali regions, Explain their formation. Answer: Plains are by far the most prominent landforms in the deserts. In basins with mountains and hills around and along, the drainage is towards the centre of the basin and due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins, a nearly level plain forms at the centre of the basin. In times of sufficient water, this plain is covered up by a shallow water body. Such types of shallow lakes are called as playas where water is retained only for short duration due to evaporation and quite often the playas contain good deposition of salts.Link: https://thinkib.net/geography/page/24233/exam-response-guidance-
- In this study session you will learn about the hydrological cycle. You will learn about where fresh water is found, the types of water sources that people use and how important it is to select suitable water sources. Finally, you will look at the increasing demands on supplies of fresh water. Learning Outcomes for Study Session 4 When you have studied this session, you should be able to: 4. SAQ 4. SAQs 4. In which three forms can water be found on Earth? Water can be found in liquid form in oceans, rivers, lakes and rain; in solid form in ice and snow; and as a gas water vapour in the atmosphere. The hydrological cycle, or water cycle, is the continuous circulation of water between oceans, atmosphere and land Figure 4. The sun and wind cause water to evaporate change its physical state from liquid to gas from land and water bodies oceans, lakes and rivers. Also, plants take up liquid water and give off water vapour through pores in their leaves in a process called transpiration. Eventually as the water vapour reaches the cooler air higher up in the atmosphere, it condenses changing from gas to liquid to form clouds and falls back to Earth in the form of rain and snow together these are called precipitation.Link: https://emse.fr/~zimmermann/Teaching/KRR/resit.html
- Precipitation that falls on land can flow over the surface as run-off into rivers and streams, and can also percolate trickle down through the soil into underground rocks to become groundwater. Water is held in reservoirs indicated in Figure 4. The water transfer processes continue in an ongoing cycle through evaporation and transpiration, transportation of water vapour in the atmosphere, precipitation, and water flowing off and through the land back to the sea. Figure 4. Hydrology is the study of water, hence the alternative name for the water cycle. Why is water described as a renewable resource? Because the processes of the water cycle are constantly renewing the surface water and groundwater. Precipitation rainfall feeds the rivers and streams and infiltrates into the ground to replace the water that we use. Of this, around Only 2. Note that the size of the smaller segments has been exaggerated for clarity. From Figure 4. Globally, fresh water is distributed unevenly.Link: https://study.com/academy/exam/course/nce-exam-study-guide-practice.html
- The area drained by the Amazon is huge, but it is sparsely populated. Why is it a problem that the huge areas of the Amazon and Congo rivers have large amounts of fresh water but only a relatively small number of people? The problem is that the fresh water is unequally distributed. A large proportion is found in places that are remote from the majority of the population so the water is not available to them. An additional problem is that rainfall throughout much of the developing world is highly seasonal. The seasonal rains may last for only between one and three months, which can leave people short of fresh water during the dry season. The average annual flow of water from all the 12 river basins is estimated to be Several of the major rivers cross to neighbouring countries. In Ethiopia, it is estimated that However, the amount of rainfall, river flow and groundwater is highly variable across the country and depends on location and altitude. Most permanent springs and streams exist only in the highlands in the west of the country.Link: http://portoveraoalegre.com.br/cgi-bin/file.php?article=ap.statistics.test.7c.answers.events.businessgreen.com&code=6c345222c7d8875e76c896a619c307ac
- Smaller dams are also used to enable irrigation Figure 4. The water collects behind the dam and flows under gravity into irrigation channels leading to the fields. Water-bearing rocks are permeable, meaning that liquids and gases can pass through them. Groundwater is the water contained in aquifers Figure 4. This is replenished or recharged by precipitation that percolates through the soil to the water table, and by water seeping from streams, as well as other bodies of surface water, such as lakes and wetlands.Link: https://youtube.com/watch?v=uyy5koWi1IE
- The water table is the top of the groundwater below the land surface. Its level fluctuates seasonally and from year to year as the inputs from precipitation and the outputs vary. The depth of the water table also varies with location, from being near to the land surface in areas close to surface water bodies and in humid climates, to being hundreds of metres below the land surface in drier regions. Groundwater reaches the surface naturally through springs or artificially through wells. Springs typically rise up where the water table meets the land surface. Springs are important sources of water to feed streams and are attractive cultural and landscape features in themselves. Wells and boreholes are dug by hand or drilled by machine. These have to be deep enough to extend below the water table so that water can be drawn up by bucket or by pumping.Link: https://askinglot.com/can-ecr-be-revised
- Collecting rain from roofs or other hard-surfaced areas and storing it until it is needed can provide a valuable source of water for many purposes. Socio-cultural and technical issues may also be important. This section provides an overview of some of these different factors. It would also be important to consider the reliability of the source over time. Drinking water must be clean and safe to drink and protected from any contamination by pathogens or other pollutants. The primary concern must be to prevent the transmission of waterborne diseases. For other water uses such as for domestic washing or for agricultural or industrial uses, the quality is less critical. In general, surface water sources are likely to contain many different materials and potential pollutants. These include micro-organisms, some of which may be pathogens, and small solid particles referred to as suspended particulates or suspended solids.Link: https://voyagertrack.portsamerica.com/logon?siteId=WBCT_LA&_=637532900640804957
- These make the water turbid Figure 4. Turbidity the cloudiness of water is a measure of water clarity. Turbidity is considered a useful approximate measure of water quality because pollutants and micro-organisms can be carried on the surface of suspended solids. The more turbid or cloudy the water is, the more suspended particles there are in it, and the more polluted the water is likely to be. It is important to realise, however, that clear water is not necessarily clean, because some contaminants may not be visible.Link: https://bsrbest.com/follow-ides-autistic/comparing-box-plots-questions.html
- Why is surface water likely to be turbid? Surface water is highly vulnerable to turbidity because solid particles of soil are washed off the land in run-off that flows to river and lakes, especially by heavy rains. Surface water is easily polluted and can be affected by wide seasonal variations in turbidity. As a water source, surface water is often the easiest to access, but large quantities of suspended solids make it difficult to treat effectively. In general, groundwater is less likely than surface water to be polluted by pathogens or solid particles because the water is cleaned to some extent as it percolates down into the rock.Link: https://glassdoor.com/Interview/Engineers-Without-Borders-USA-Interview-Questions-E618359.htm
- However, it may have higher concentrations of dissolved substances. This means that groundwater has less microbial contamination but the dissolved substances and minerals, such as fluoride, may have significant effects on its quality. Fluoride Fluoride in drinking water is a well-known health concern. In some parts of Ethiopia concentrations in groundwater exceed the World Health Organization guideline of 1.Link: https://youtube.com/watch?v=3HJ0NMsRZd4
- For people living in this area, dental and skeletal fluorosis are significant public health problems causing brown patches on the teeth, joint pain, limited movement of joints and, ultimately, crippling. The National Fluorosis Mitigation Project has responsibility for planning a national strategy to deal with this problem. Several methods of defluoridation removing fluoride from water using chemicals or bone char have been successfully trialled at community and household levels Osterwalder et al.Link: https://edwardmkennedycommunityhealthcenterinc.applytojob.com/apply/jobs/details/6xApOL9FQO
- However, selecting an affordable and sustainable standard technology for widespread use is challenging. Yang et al. Before a new water source is developed, a thorough assessment of the needs and wishes of the community should be undertaken, involving all groups of people including women, men, and children, members of any distinct social groups, disabled persons, and other vulnerable groups. It is particularly important that women participate in the process because they are likely to have the most knowledge about existing sources and are most likely to benefit if new supplies are developed. Case Study 4.Link: https://rkalert.in/bse-odisha-10th-time-table-pdf-download/
- Assertion: All proteins in our food are digested in small intestine only. Reason: The protein digesting enzymes are released onto small intestine. Answer e Both A and R are false. Question Assertion: When air is passed through lime water, lime water turns milky. Assertion: Human heart does not allow mixing of oxygen reach blood with carbon dioxide reach blood.Link: https://nd.xideen.site/xDT
- Reason: Human heart has different chambers. Assertion: Veins have thin walls to collect blood from different organs. Reason: Blood in veins are not under pressure. Which plant tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaf?Link: https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/communication/Undergraduate/COM_114.html
- The effects range from pollution to changes in the pattern of flow, and they have become increasingly marked during the past two or three centuries. Hynes, There is a phenomenal resiliency in the mechanisms of the earth. A river or lake is almost never dead. If you give it the slightest chance by stopping pollutants from going into it, then nature usually comes back. However, the stresses associated with human use may have begun earlier on rivers because of their importance as transportation routes when roads were few and as sources of power when the Industrial Revolution was in its infancy in the United States.Link: https://youtube.com/watch?v=MPb57hOC9S8
Sunday, June 6, 2021
Chapter 6 Running Water And Groundwater Chapter Test Answers
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