Saturday, June 5, 2021

Electrical Safety Test Answers


  • What kinds of injuries result from electrical currents? People are injured when they become part of the electrical circuit. Humans are more conductive than the earth the ground we stand on which means if there is no other easy path, electricity will...
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  • Thermal burns including burns from heat generated by an electric arc, and flame burns from materials that catch on fire from heating or ignition by electrical currents or an electric arc flash. Contact burns from being shocked can burn internal...
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  • If you must leave the vehicle e. Never touch the vehicle or equipment and the ground at the same time. Keep your feet, legs, and arms close to your body. Keep your feet together touching , and move away by shuffling your feet. Never let your feet separate or you may be shocked or electrocuted. Shuffle at least 10 metres away from your vehicle before you take a normal step. Do not enter an electrical power substation, or other marked areas. What are some general safety tips for working with or near electricity?
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  • Inspect portable cord-and-plug connected equipment, extension cords, power bars, and electrical fittings for damage or wear before each use. Repair or replace damaged equipment immediately. Always tape extension cords to walls or floors when necessary. Do not use nails and staples because they can damage extension cords and cause fire and shocks. Use extension cords or equipment that is rated for the level of amperage or wattage that you are using. Always use the correct size fuse. Replacing a fuse with one of a larger size can cause excessive currents in the wiring and possibly start a fire. Be aware that unusually warm or hot outlets or cords may be a sign that unsafe wiring conditions exists. Unplug any cords or extension cords from these outlets and do not use until a qualified electrician has checked the wiring. Always use ladders made with non-conductive side rails e.
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  • Place halogen lights away from combustible materials such as cloths or curtains. Halogen lamps can become very hot and may be a fire hazard. Risk of electric shock is greater in areas that are wet or damp. Install Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters GFCIs as they will interrupt the electrical circuit before a current sufficient to cause death or serious injury occurs. Make sure that exposed receptacle boxes are made of non-conductive materials. Know where the panel and circuit breakers are located in case of an emergency. Label all circuit breakers and fuse boxes clearly.
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  • Each switch should be positively identified as to which outlet or appliance it is for. Do not use outlets or cords that have exposed wiring. Do not use portable cord-and-plug connected power tools if the guards are removed. Do not block access to panels and circuit breakers or fuse boxes. Do not touch a person or electrical apparatus in the event of an electrical incident. Always disconnect the power source first. What are some tips for working with power tools? Switch all tools OFF before connecting them to a power supply. Disconnect and lockout the power supply before completing any maintenance work tasks or making adjustments. Ensure tools are properly grounded or double-insulated. The grounded equipment must have an approved 3-wire cord with a 3-prong plug. This plug should be plugged in a properly grounded 3-pole outlet. Do not use electrical equipment in wet conditions or damp locations unless the equipment is connected to a GFCI.
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  • Do not clean tools with flammable or toxic solvents. Do not operate tools in an area containing explosive vapours or gases, unless they are intrinsically safe and only if you follow the manufacturer's guidelines. What are some tips for working with power cords? Keep power cords clear of tools during use. Suspend extension cords temporarily during use over aisles or work areas to eliminate stumbling or tripping hazards. Replace open front plugs with dead front plugs. Dead front plugs are sealed and present less danger of shock or short circuit.
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  • Do not use light duty extension cords in a non-residential situation. Do not carry or lift up electrical equipment by the power cord. Do not tie cords in tight knots. Knots can cause short circuits and shocks. Loop the cords or use a twist lock plug. When a loss is detected, the GFCI turns the electricity off before severe injuries or electrocution can occur. A painful non-fatal shock may occur during the time that it takes for the GFCI to cut off the electricity so it is important to use the GFCI as an extra protective measure rather than a replacement for safe work practices. GFCI wall outlets can be installed in place of standard outlets to protect against electrocution for just that outlet, or a series of outlets in the same branch circuit.
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  • A GFCI Circuit Breaker can be installed on some circuit breaker electrical panels to protect an entire branch circuit. Portable in-line plug-in GFCIs can be plugged into wall outlets where appliances will be used. It is important that you follow the manufacturer's instructions with respect to the use of a GFCI. Test permanently wired GFCIs monthly, and portable devices before each use. Use a GFCI tester. You may also test by pressing the "test" and "reset" buttons.
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  • If the GFCI is working properly, the light should go out. If not, have the GFCI repaired or replaced. Contact a qualified electrician if you are unsure or to correct any wiring errors. What is a sample checklist for basic electrical safety?
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  • Jones, PE, Questions and Answers on Electrical Safety is an essential guide for electricians needing quick, expert advice on the most critical workplace safety issues. Based on the author's many years of experience with industry safety standards and with developing electrical safety programs, these clear and in-depth answers cover a variety of topics such as commonly misunderstood terms, conditions for arc flash, and appropriate personal protective equipment. Also included are Voices of Experience offering true stories from the field. The wealth of information presented in this book makes it an indispensable resource for electricians, contractors, students and instructors, designers, and inspectors.
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  • Key Features: This handy, pocket-size reference is geared specifically toward electrician's needing quick, expert advice while on-site. A great resource for fast review of important safety procedures. Each answer references the most current industry standards. Part 4: Personal Protective Equipment Questions describe various levels of personal protective equipment and under which circumstances it is required. Part 5: Safety Grounds Questions discuss the use and approval of safety grounds. Part 6: Approach Boundaries Questions address approach boundaries and their importance. Part 7: Safety Equipment Questions discuss the use and effectiveness of safety equipment. Part Checking for Absence of Voltage Questions discuss measures to take and equipment to use when checking for absence of voltage.
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  • Email There is a great deal of attention devoted to safe work practices during electrical construction, maintenance and repair work. Industry electrical publications regularly report on safety issues, including the use of the proper tools and equipment used for energized and de-energized work, as well as utilizing the correct personal protective equipment PPE for each workplace situation. Electrical test instruments are given very little discussion, if any, in safety articles. Examples include using the wrong test instruments or improperly using them, which can have catastrophic results. Some of the most frequently used test instruments include noncontact voltage testers, multimeters, insulation testers and ground-resistance testers.
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  • The issue with using a non-contact or proximity device is that the requirement to test a circuit to ensure that it is de-energized requires the circuit to be tested phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground, which cannot be done using this type of tester. When electrical safety is discussed, the subjects of shock, arc flash, and arc blast dominate the discussions. One question is often asked: "How do I identify when these hazards are present, or likely to be present, when I am using electrical test instruments on electrical circuits and equipment? Electrical hazards Electricity is a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to electrical shock, electrocution, burns, fires and explosions.
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  • Employees have been killed or injured in fires and explosions caused by electricity. Besides the electrical hazards of arc flash and arc blast, extremely high energy arcs can damage equipment and cause fragmented metal to fly in all directions. In atmospheres that contain explosive gases or vapors, or combustible dusts, even low-energy arcs can cause violent explosions. In these cases, the electric arc may be the ignition source for a much bigger explosion and fire. Improper use of electrical test instruments can result in shock or electrocution, as well as an arc flash incident. This article addresses these issues, along with the requirements for selecting and utilizing the test instruments to verify the presence of voltage. Selection of test instruments Regardless of whether you are performing electrical installation work, equipment maintenance, verifying the absence of voltage for de-energized work, troubleshooting, voltage measurements or similar diagnostic work, collecting accurate and consistent information from these tests is imperative.
    Link: http://cep.unep.org/download/3186965-file.pdf
  • To comply with electrical industry standards and regulations, there is a need to select and use the right test instruments according to the application. When conducting voltage verification, for energized and de-energized work, the electrical worker must select the right test instruments and equipment applicable to the work to be performed. Make sure all meters, test leads and probes have an adequate category CAT safety rating. Sometimes, the only thing standing between an electrical worker and an unexpected spike is their meter and test leads. If you use the wrong equipment with the wrong voltage, you could be putting yourself and others at risk. So, before conducting any test, make sure your choice of instrument is correct. Without this additional protection, transient overvoltages, which are becoming increasingly common, can lead to equipment failure and serious injury or death. Minimizing such risks requires that everyone working in electrical environments has safety equipment as required.
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  • They need properly rated gloves, eye protection and electrical measurement test instruments that provide appropriate protection. Having the correct electrical testing and measurement instruments and using the correct procedures can improve job safety. Use of electrical test instruments Due to the potential electrical hazards associated with the use of electrical test instruments, only qualified persons are permitted to perform tasks such as testing, troubleshooting and voltage measuring when working within the Limited Approach Boundary of exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, or where any other electrical hazard may exist.
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  • Improper use of electrical test instruments can result in shock or electrocution, as well as creating an arc flash incident. The following additional requirements apply to test instruments, equipment, and all associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes, and connectors: Must be rated for circuits and equipment where they are utilized. Must be designed for the environment to which they will be exposed and for the manner in which they will be utilized.
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  • Must be visually inspected for external defects and damage before each use. If there is a defect or evidence of damage that might expose an employee to injury, the defective or damaged item shall be removed from service. When test instruments are used for testing the absence of voltage on conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, the operation of the test instrument must be: Verified on a known voltage source before an absence of voltage test is performed. Test for the absence of voltage on the de-energized conductor or circuit part. A zero reading might mean that no voltage is present during the testing, or it could mean that the instrument has failed.
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  • Verified on a known voltage source after an absence of voltage test is performed. This verification primarily applies to conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more. However, under certain conditions such as wet contact or immersion even circuits operating under 50 volts can pose a shock hazard. Only qualified persons are permitted to perform tasks such as testing, troubleshooting, and voltage measuring, due to the electrical hazards associated with energized work. All required PPE, for the associated hazards, must be utilized when performing these tasks. Test instruments must be rated for the conditions under which testing is to be performed. When selecting voltage testing instruments, an assessment must be performed to determine the proper category CAT rating required, based on the highest hazard exposure. When test instruments are used for testing the absence of voltage, for de-energized work, on conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, the operation of the test instrument must be verified on a known voltage source before and after an absence of voltage test is performed.
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  • Electrical safety checklist The fundamentals of electrical safety can be overlooked, especially by seasoned electricians. Use a meter with fused current inputs and be sure to check the fuses before making current measurements. Inspect test leads for physical damage before making a measurement. Use the meter to check continuity of the test leads. Use test leads that have shrouded connectors and finger guards. Use meters with recessed input jacks. Select the proper function and range for your measurement. Be certain the meter is in good operating condition. Follow all equipment safety procedures.
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  • Always disconnect the "hot" red test lead first. Use a meter that has overload protection on the ohms function. When measuring current without a current clamp, turn the power off before connecting into the circuit. Be aware of high-current and high-voltage situations and use the appropriate equipment, such as high-voltage probes and high-current clamps. Signal level for telecommunications, electronic equipment and low-energy equipment with transient-limiting protection.
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  • The peak impulse transient range is from to 4, volts with a ohm source. Protected electronic equipment Equipment connected to source circuits in which measures are taken to limit transient overvoltages to an appropriately low level Any high-voltage-low-energy source derived from a high-winding resistance transformer, such as the high-voltage section of a copier. Category II Single-phase receptacle connected loads. Local level for fixed or non-fixed powered devices-everything from lighting to appliances to office equipment. Also, all outlets at more than 10 meters 30 feet from Category III sources and all outlets at more than 20 meters 60 feet from Category IV sources. The peak impulse transient range is from to 6, volts with a ohm source.
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  • Category III Three-phase distribution, including single-phase commercial lighting. Distribution level-fixed primary feeders or branch circuits. These circuits are usually separated from Category IV whether utility service or other high-voltage source by a minimum of one level of transformer isolation; for example, feeders and short branch circuits, distribution branch panels and heavy appliance outlets with "short" connections to service entrance.
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  • The peak impulse transient range is from to 8, volts with a 2-ohm source. Equipment in fixed installations, such as switchgear and polyphase motors Bus and feeders in industrial plants Feeders and short branch circuits, distribution panel devices Lighting systems in larger buildings Appliance outlets with short connections to service entrance. Category IV Three-phase at utility connection, any outdoor conductors or primary supply level. It will cover the highest and most dangerous level of transient overvoltage you are likely to encounter-in utility service to a facility both outside and at the service entrance, as well as the service drop from the pole to the building, the overhead line to a detached building, and the underground line to a well pump.
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