Psychology Chapter 15 Test Answers

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  Psychopathology is the study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, etiology i. The term psychopathology can also refer to the manifestation of a psychological disorder. Although consensus can be difficult, it is extremely important...
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  But, consider the nervousness a young man feels when talking to attractive women or the loneliness and longing for home a freshman experiences during her first semester of college—these feelings may not be regularly present, but they fall in...
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• Mindtap Chapter 3 Quiz Answers Psychology
  However, such expectations are not universally shared. Cultural expectations in Japan involve showing reserve, restraint, and a concern for maintaining privacy around strangers. Japanese people are generally unresponsive to smiles from strangers Patterson et al. Eye contact provides another example. In the United States and Europe, eye contact with others typically signifies honesty and attention. However, most Latin-American, Asian, and African cultures interpret direct eye contact as rude, confrontational, and aggressive Pazain, Thus, someone who makes eye contact with you could be considered appropriate and respectful or brazen and offensive, depending on your culture Figure In other cultures, visions that, for example, pertain to future events may be regarded as normal experiences that are positively valued Bourguignon, Finally, it is important to recognize that cultural norms change over time: what might be considered typical in a society at one time may no longer be viewed this way later, similar to how fashion trends from one era may elicit quizzical looks decades later—imagine how a headband, legwarmers, and the big hair of the s would go over on your campus today.
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• Psychology Chapter 6 Learning Review Worksheet Answers
  The Myth of Mental Illness In the s and s, the concept of mental illness was widely criticized. Thomas Szasz , a noted psychiatrist, was perhaps the biggest proponent of this view. Szasz argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society and the mental health establishment to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms. In his book, The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct, Szasz expressed his disdain for the concept of mental illness and for the field of psychiatry in general Oliver, Today, we recognize the extreme level of psychological suffering experienced by people with psychological disorders: the painful thoughts and feelings they experience, the disordered behavior they demonstrate, and the levels of distress and impairment they exhibit.
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• Psychology Flashcards
  This makes it very difficult to deny the reality of mental illness. Szasz was perhaps the first psychiatrist to openly challenge the idea that homosexuality represented a form of mental illness or disease Szasz, By challenging the idea that homosexuality represented a form a mental illness, Szasz helped pave the way for the social and civil rights that gay and lesbian people now have Barker, Many efforts have been made to identify the specific dimensions of psychological disorders, yet none is entirely satisfactory. However, one of the more influential conceptualizations was proposed by Wakefield , who defined psychological disorder as a harmful dysfunction. Wakefield argued that natural internal mechanisms—that is, psychological processes honed by evolution, such as cognition, perception, and learning—have important functions, such as enabling us to experience the world the way others do and to engage in rational thought, problem solving, and communication.
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• Chapter 9 Apes Answers
  For example, learning allows us to associate a fear with a potential danger in such a way that the intensity of fear is roughly equal to the degree of actual danger. Dysfunction occurs when an internal mechanism breaks down and can no longer perform its normal function. But, the presence of a dysfunction by itself does not determine a disorder. The harm may include significant internal anguish e. To illustrate, Janet has an extreme fear of spiders. Similar to how the symptoms of physical illness reflect dysfunctions in biological processes, the symptoms of psychological disorders presumably reflect dysfunctions in mental processes. The internal mechanism component of this model is especially appealing because it implies that disorders may occur through a breakdown of biological functions that govern various psychological processes, thus supporting contemporary neurobiological models of psychological disorders Fabrega, According to the APA , a psychological disorder is a condition that is said to consist of the following: There are significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
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• Psychology 121 - Chapter 15
  A person must experience inner states e. Often, such disturbances are troubling to those around the individual who experiences them. For example, an individual who is uncontrollably preoccupied by thoughts of germs spends hours each day bathing, has inner experiences, and displays behaviors that most would consider atypical and negative disturbed and that would likely be troubling to family members.
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• Chapter 15 Therapies
  The disturbances reflect some kind of biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction. Disturbed patterns of inner experiences and behaviors should reflect some flaw dysfunction in the internal biological, psychological, and developmental mechanisms that lead to normal, healthy psychological functioning. For example, the hallucinations observed in schizophrenia could be a sign of brain abnormalities. The disturbances do not reflect expected or culturally approved responses to certain events. Disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors must be socially unacceptable responses to certain events that often happen in life.
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• Psychology Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards Preview
  For example, it is perfectly natural and expected that a person would experience great sadness and might wish to be left alone following the death of a close family member. Because such reactions are in some ways culturally expected, the individual would not be assumed to signify a mental disorder. In truth, no single approach to defining a psychological disorder is adequate by itself, nor is there universal agreement on where the boundary is between disordered and not disordered.
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• Educational Psychology Chapter 15
  From time to time we all experience anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and moments of sadness; our behavior at other times may not make much sense to ourselves or to others. Arriving at a proper diagnosis—that is, appropriately identifying and labeling a set of defined symptoms—is absolutely crucial. This process enables professionals to use a common language with others in the field and aids in communication about the disorder with the patient, colleagues and the public.
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• Chapter 15 - Psychological Disorders
  A proper diagnosis is an essential element to guide proper and successful treatment. For these reasons, classification systems that organize psychological disorders systematically are necessary. The first edition of the DSM, published in , classified psychological disorders according to a format developed by the U. In the years since, the DSM has undergone numerous revisions and editions.
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• Psychology: Themes And Variations
  The DSM-5 includes many categories of disorders e. Each disorder is described in detail, including an overview of the disorder diagnostic features , specific symptoms required for diagnosis diagnostic criteria , prevalence information what percent of the population is thought to be afflicted with the disorder , and risk factors associated with the disorder. These data were based on a national sample of 9, U. Most categories remain the same; however, alcohol abuse now falls under a broader Alcohol Use Disorder category. The DSM-5 also provides information about comorbidity; the co-occurrence of two disorders. Drug use is highly comorbid with other mental illnesses; 6 out of 10 people who have a substance use disorder also suffer from another form of mental illness National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], The DSM has changed considerably in the half-century since it was originally published.
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• PSYCH Chapter 15: Psychological Therapies Flashcards Preview
  The first two editions of the DSM, for example, listed homosexuality as a disorder; however, in , the APA voted to remove it from the manual Silverstein, Additionally, beginning with the DSM-III in , mental disorders have been described in much greater detail, and the number of diagnosable conditions has grown steadily, as has the size of the manual itself. Some believe that establishing new diagnoses might overpathologize the human condition by turning common human problems into mental illnesses The Associated Press, Indeed, the finding that nearly half of all Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM disorder at some point in their life Kessler et al. For example, DSM-IV specified that the symptoms of major depressive disorder must not be attributable to normal bereavement loss of a loved one. The categories of psychological disorders in both the DSM and ICD are similar, as are the criteria for specific disorders; however, some differences exist.
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• Biological Psychology
  Although the ICD is used for clinical purposes, this tool is also used to examine the general health of populations and to monitor the prevalence of diseases and other health problems internationally WHO, A study that compared the use of the two classification systems found that worldwide the ICD is more frequently used for clinical diagnosis, whereas the DSM is more valued for research Mezzich, The DSM also includes more explicit disorder criteria, along with an extensive and helpful explanatory text Regier et al. The DSM is the classification system of choice among U. First, remember that psychological disorders represent extremes of inner experience and behavior. If, while reading about these disorders, you feel that these descriptions begin to personally characterize you, do not worry—this moment of enlightenment probably means nothing more than you are normal.
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• Chapter 15: Psychological Tests
  Each of us experiences episodes of sadness, anxiety, and preoccupation with certain thoughts—times when we do not quite feel ourselves. Second, understand that people with psychological disorders are far more than just embodiments of their disorders. We do not use terms such as schizophrenics, depressives, or phobics because they are labels that objectify people who suffer from these conditions, thus promoting biased and disparaging assumptions about them.
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• OpenStax Psychology Test Bank For D2L/Brightspace Import
  It is important to remember that a psychological disorder is not what a person is; it is something that a person has—through no fault of his or her own. As is the case with cancer or diabetes, those with psychological disorders suffer debilitating, often painful conditions that are not of their own choosing. These individuals deserve to be viewed and treated with compassion, understanding, and dignity. The perspective used in explaining a psychological disorder is extremely important, in that it will consist of explicit assumptions regarding how best to study the disorder, its etiology, and what kinds of therapies or treatments are most beneficial. Different perspectives provide alternate ways for how to think about the nature of psychopathology.
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• AP Psychology Test: Personality | High School Test Prep
  Those afflicted were thought to be practitioners of black magic or possessed by spirits Figure For example, convents throughout Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries reported hundreds of nuns falling into a state of frenzy in which the afflicted foamed at the mouth, screamed and convulsed, sexually propositioned priests, and confessed to having carnal relations with devils or Christ. Although, today, these cases would suggest serious mental illness; at the time, these events were routinely explained as possession by devilish forces Waller, a. Similarly, grievous fits by young girls are believed to have precipitated the witch panic in New England late in the 17th century Demos,
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• Free Psychology Flashcards
  Psychology Chapter 15 Test Answers Psychology Chapter 15 Test Answers We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. Found a mistake? Click to rate this post! The inability of a psychological mechanism to preform its function. Anastasia believe that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. It provides a common language for diagnosing disorders. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? Repetitive thoughts and urge, a well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts.
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• Psychology Chapter 15 Test Answers
  Often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. Psychotic Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders? People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Narcissistic personality disorder Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder? Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.
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• Quiz 15: Physical And Cognitive Development In Middle Adulthood
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• Psychology Chapter 5 Sensation Quizlet
  Aaron Alexis, 34, had a troubled history: he thought that he was being controlled by radio waves, and a month earlier, he had complained of noises coming from the linen closet in his military housing. Mental illness is not necessarily a cause of violence; it is far more likely that the mentally ill will be victims rather than perpetrators of violence Stuart, If, however, Alexis had received the help he needed, this tragedy might have been averted. Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Understand the problems inherent in defining the concept of psychological disorder Describe what is meant by harmful dysfunction Identify the formal criteria that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors must meet to be considered abnormal and, thus, symptomatic of a psychological disorder A psychological disorder is a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
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  The person who washes his hands 40 times per day and the person who claims to hear the voices of demons exhibit behaviors and inner experiences that most would regard as abnormal: beliefs and behaviors that suggest the existence of a psychological disorder. But, consider the nervousness a young man feels when talking to attractive women or the loneliness and longing for home a freshman experiences during her first semester of college—these feelings may not be regularly present, but they fall in the range of normal.
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• Introduction To Psychology Worksheets
  So, what kinds of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors represent a true psychological disorder? Psychologists work to distinguish psychological disorders from inner experiences and behaviors that are merely situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional. For example, if you ask a classmate for a date and you are rejected, you probably would feel a little dejected. Such feelings would be normal. If you felt extremely depressed—so much so that you lost interest in activities, had difficulty eating or sleeping, felt utterly worthless, and contemplated suicide—your feelings would be atypical, would deviate from the norm, and could signify the presence of a psychological disorder.
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• Chapter 15 - Disorders, Psychology, By David G. Myers, 6th Edition Textbook | CourseNotes
  Just because something is atypical, however, does not necessarily mean it is disordered. As you will learn, some disorders, although not exactly typical, are far from atypical, and the rates in which they appear in the population are surprisingly high. Figure Using this criterion, a woman who walks around a subway platform wearing a heavy winter coat in July while screaming obscenities at strangers may be considered as exhibiting symptoms of a psychological disorder. Her actions and clothes violate socially accepted rules governing appropriate dress and behavior; these characteristics are atypical. Since behavior varies from one culture to another, what may be expected and considered appropriate in one culture may not be viewed as such in other cultures.
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  A person who refuses to acknowledge such gestures might be considered socially awkward—perhaps even disordered—for violating this expectation. However, such expectations are not universally shared. Cultural expectations in Japan involve showing reserve, restraint, and a concern for maintaining privacy around strangers. Japanese people are generally unresponsive to smiles from strangers Patterson et al. Eye contact provides another example. In the United States and Europe, eye contact with others typically signifies honesty and attention. However, most Latin-American, Asian, and African cultures interpret direct eye contact as rude, confrontational, and aggressive Pazain, Thus, someone who makes eye contact with you could be considered appropriate and respectful or brazen and offensive, depending on your culture Figure In other cultures, visions that, for example, pertain to future events may be regarded as normal experiences that are positively valued Bourguignon, Finally, it is important to recognize that cultural norms change over time: what might be considered typical in a society at one time may no longer be viewed this way later, similar to how fashion trends from one era may elicit quizzical looks decades later—imagine how a headband, legwarmers, and the big hair of the s would go over on your campus today.
  Link: https://github.com/ppaquay/IntroStatLearning/blob/master/Chap5.md
  
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  This makes it very difficult to deny the reality of mental illness. Szasz was perhaps the first psychiatrist to openly challenge the idea that homosexuality represented a form of mental illness or disease Szasz, By challenging the idea that homosexuality represented a form a mental illness, Szasz helped pave the way for the social and civil rights that gay and lesbian people now have Barker, Many efforts have been made to identify the specific dimensions of psychological disorders, yet none is entirely satisfactory. However, one of the more influential conceptualizations was proposed by Wakefield , who defined psychological disorder as a harmful dysfunction.
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• Chapter 15 Quiz Introduction To Psychology
  The harm may include significant internal anguish e. To illustrate, Janet has an extreme fear of spiders. Similar to how the symptoms of physical illness reflect dysfunctions in biological processes, the symptoms of psychological disorders presumably reflect dysfunctions in mental processes. The internal mechanism component of this model is especially appealing because it implies that disorders may occur through a breakdown of biological functions that govern various psychological processes, thus supporting contemporary neurobiological models of psychological disorders Fabrega, According to the APA , a psychological disorder is a condition that is said to consist of the following: There are significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
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• Psychology Chapter 15 Test
  A person must experience inner states e. Often, such disturbances are troubling to those around the individual who experiences them. For example, an individual who is uncontrollably preoccupied by thoughts of germs spends hours each day bathing, has inner experiences, and displays behaviors that most would consider atypical and negative disturbed and that would likely be troubling to family members. The disturbances reflect some kind of biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction. Disturbed patterns of inner experiences and behaviors should reflect some flaw dysfunction in the internal biological, psychological, and developmental mechanisms that lead to normal, healthy psychological functioning. For example, the hallucinations observed in schizophrenia could be a sign of brain abnormalities.
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  The disturbances do not reflect expected or culturally approved responses to certain events. Disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors must be socially unacceptable responses to certain events that often happen in life. For example, it is perfectly natural and expected that a person would experience great sadness and might wish to be left alone following the death of a close family member. Because such reactions are in some ways culturally expected, the individual would not be assumed to signify a mental disorder. In truth, no single approach to defining a psychological disorder is adequate by itself, nor is there universal agreement on where the boundary is between disordered and not disordered. From time to time we all experience anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and moments of sadness; our behavior at other times may not make much sense to ourselves or to others.
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• Chapter Interpreting Results And Drawing Conclusions | Cochrane Training
  Arriving at a proper diagnosis—that is, appropriately identifying and labeling a set of defined symptoms—is absolutely crucial. This process enables professionals to use a common language with others in the field and aids in communication about the disorder with the patient, colleagues and the public. A proper diagnosis is an essential element to guide proper and successful treatment. For these reasons, classification systems that organize psychological disorders systematically are necessary. The first edition of the DSM, published in , classified psychological disorders according to a format developed by the U. In the years since, the DSM has undergone numerous revisions and editions. The DSM-5 includes many categories of disorders e. Each disorder is described in detail, including an overview of the disorder diagnostic features , specific symptoms required for diagnosis diagnostic criteria , prevalence information what percent of the population is thought to be afflicted with the disorder , and risk factors associated with the disorder.
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• Ap Psych Chapter 15 Study Questions
  These data were based on a national sample of 9, U. Most categories remain the same; however, alcohol abuse now falls under a broader Alcohol Use Disorder category. The DSM-5 also provides information about comorbidity; the co-occurrence of two disorders. Drug use is highly comorbid with other mental illnesses; 6 out of 10 people who have a substance use disorder also suffer from another form of mental illness National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], The DSM has changed considerably in the half-century since it was originally published. The first two editions of the DSM, for example, listed homosexuality as a disorder; however, in , the APA voted to remove it from the manual Silverstein, Additionally, beginning with the DSM-III in , mental disorders have been described in much greater detail, and the number of diagnosable conditions has grown steadily, as has the size of the manual itself.
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