Monday, June 7, 2021

Chapter 2 Science Matter Energy And Systems Test Answers


  • The Big Bang theory developed from observations of the structure of the universe and from theoretical considerations. In , Vesto Slipher measured the first Doppler shift of a " spiral nebula " spiral nebula is the obsolete term for spiral galaxies ,...
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  • Starting that same year, Hubble painstakingly developed a series of distance indicators, the forerunner of the cosmic distance ladder , using the inch 2. This allowed him to estimate distances to galaxies whose redshifts had already been measured,...
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  • Of these features, dark matter is currently the subject of most active laboratory investigations. Dark energy is also an area of intense interest for scientists, but it is not clear whether direct detection of dark energy will be possible. Viable, quantitative explanations for such phenomena are still being sought. These are currently unsolved problems in physics. Hubble's law and the expansion of space See also: Distance measures cosmology and Scale factor cosmology Observations of distant galaxies and quasars show that these objects are redshifted: the light emitted from them has been shifted to longer wavelengths. This can be seen by taking a frequency spectrum of an object and matching the spectroscopic pattern of emission or absorption lines corresponding to atoms of the chemical elements interacting with the light.
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  • These redshifts are uniformly isotropic, distributed evenly among the observed objects in all directions. If the redshift is interpreted as a Doppler shift, the recessional velocity of the object can be calculated. For some galaxies, it is possible to estimate distances via the cosmic distance ladder. When the recessional velocities are plotted against these distances, a linear relationship known as Hubble's law is observed: [52] v.
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  • Water in the control cup Metal washers Expected results The temperature of the water increases and the temperature of the washers decreases. Discuss student observations and what may have caused the temperature of the metal washers and water to change. Ask students: How did the temperature of the washers and water change in both parts of the activity? Based on their data, students should realize that the temperature of both the washers and water changed. Knowing what you do about heating and cooling atoms and molecules, why do you think the temperature changed? Tell students that the molecular model animation you will show next will show them why the temperature of both changed. Explain Show the molecular model animation Heated Spoon. Point out to students that the water molecules in the hot water are moving faster than the atoms in the spoon.
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  • The water molecules strike the atoms of the spoon and transfer some of their energy to these atoms. This is how the energy from the water is transferred to the spoon. This increases the motion of the atoms in the spoon. Since the motion of the atoms in the spoon increases, the temperature of the spoon increases. It is not easy to notice, but when the fast-moving water molecules hit the spoon and speed up the atoms in the spoon, the water molecules slow down a little. So when energy is transferred from the water to the spoon, the spoon gets warmer and the water gets cooler. Explain to students that when fast-moving atoms or molecules hit slower-moving atoms or molecules and increase their speed, energy is transferred. The energy that is transferred is called heat. This energy transfer process is called conduction. Show the molecular model animation Cooled Spoon. Point out to students that in this case, the atoms in the spoon are moving faster than the water molecules in the cold water.
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  • The faster-moving atoms in the spoon transfer some of their energy to the water molecules. This causes the water molecules to move a little faster and the temperature of the water to increase. Since the atoms in the spoon transfer some of their energy to the water molecules, the atoms in the spoon slow down a little. This causes the temperature of the spoon to decrease.
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  • Ask students: Describe how the process of conduction caused the temperature of the washers and water to change in the activity. Room-temperature washers in hot water When the room-temperature washers are placed in hot water, the faster-moving water molecules hit the slower-moving metal atoms and make the atoms in the washers move a little faster.
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  • This causes the temperature of the washers to increase. Since some of the energy from the water was transferred to the metal to speed them up, the motion of the water molecules decreases. This causes the temperature of the water to decrease. Hot washers in room-temperature water When the hot metal washers are placed in the room temperature water, the faster-moving metal atoms hit the slower-moving water molecules and make the water molecules move a little faster.
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  • This causes the temperature of the water to increase. Since some of the energy from the metal atoms was transferred to the water molecules to speed them up, the motion of the metal atoms decreases. This causes the temperature of the washers to decrease. Discuss the connection between molecular motion, temperature, and conduction. Ask students: How does the motion of the atoms or molecules of a substance affect the temperature of the substance? If the atoms or molecules of a substance are moving faster, the substance has a higher temperature. If its atoms or molecules are moving slower, then it has a lower temperature.
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  • You could tell students that models can emphasize one feature over another, in order to help focus on the main point being represented. Show a simulation to illustrate that temperature is the average kinetic energy of atoms or molecules. The following simulation shows that at any temperature, the atoms or molecules of a substance are moving at a variety of speeds. Some molecules are moving faster than others, some slower, but most are in-between. Show the simulation Temperature. Tell students that this simulation shows the relationship between energy, molecular motion, and temperature. Tell students that anything that has mass and is moving, no matter how big or small, has a certain amount of energy, called kinetic energy.
    Link: https://youtube.com/watch?v=7VBRZjYfGQI
  • Explain that at any temperature, most of the molecules are moving at about the same speed and have about the same kinetic energy, but there are always some that are moving slower and some that are moving faster. The temperature is actually a combination, or average, of the kinetic energy of the molecules. If you could place a thermometer in this simulation, it would be struck by molecules going at different speeds so it would register the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Ask students: What do you notice about the molecules as energy is added? As energy is added, more molecules are moving faster. There are more pink and red molecules but there are still some slower-moving blue ones. Ask students: What do you notice about the molecules as energy is removed? As energy is removed, more molecules are moving slower.
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  • There are more purple and blue molecules, but a few still change to pink. Extend Have students try one or more extensions and use conduction to explain these common phenomena. Compare the actual temperature and how the temperature feels for different objects in the room. Ask students: Touch the metal part of your chair or desk leg and then touch the cover of a textbook. Do these surfaces feel like they are the same or a different temperature? They should feel different. Why does the metal feel colder even though it is the same temperature as the cardboard? Tell students that even though the metal feels colder, the metal and the cardboard are actually the same temperature. After being in the same room with the same air temperature, both surfaces should be at the same temperature. Show the animation Conducting Energy to help answer the question about why metal feels colder than cardboard. Tell students to watch the motion of the molecules in the metal, cardboard, and in the finger.
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  • Explain that the molecules in your finger are moving faster than the molecules in the room-temperature metal. Therefore the energy from your finger is transferred to the metal. Because metal is a good conductor, the energy is transferred away from the surface through the metal. The molecules in your skin slow down as your finger continues to lose energy to the metal, so your finger feels cooler. Like the metal, the molecules in your finger are moving faster than the molecules in the room-temperature cardboard. Energy is transferred from your finger to the surface of the cardboard. But because cardboard is a poor conductor, the energy is not easily transferred away from the surface through the cardboard. The molecules in your skin move at about the same speed.
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  • Because your finger does not lose much energy to the cardboard, your finger stays warm. Compare the actual temperature and how the temperature feels for water and air. Have students use two thermometers to compare the temperature of room-temperature water and the temperature of the air.
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  • Explain the complexity of the universe through a hierarchical framework that includes consideration of Earth, life, and ecosystems at various scales. Identify key principles of the ecosystem approach to conserving natural resources. Describe how environmental stressors and disturbances can affect species and ecosystems. Explain the history of human cultural evolution in terms of an increasing ability to cope with environmental constraints on the availability of natural resources and other aspects of economic development. List at least three ways in which humans directly influence environmental conditions. Identify four broad classes of environmental values. Describe five important world views. Understand the diverse issues of the environmental crisis by classifying them into three categories, and give several examples within each of them.
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  • That economy operates at various scales, ranging from an individual person, to a family, to communities such as towns and cities, nation-states such as Canada , and ultimately the global human enterprise. While an enormous and rapidly growing number of people are supported by the global economy, a lot of environmental damage is also being caused. The most important of the damages are the depletion of vital natural resources, various kinds of pollution including climate change , and widespread destruction of natural habitats to the extent that the survival of many of the natural ecosystems and species of Earth are at grave risk. These issues are of vital importance to all people, and to all life on the planet. Their subject matter provides the context for a wide-ranging field of knowledge called environmental studies, an extremely broad field of knowledge that examines the scientific, social, and cultural aspects of environmental issues.
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  • As such, the subject matter of environmental studies engages all forms of understanding that are relevant to identifying, understanding, and resolving environmental problems. Within that context, environmental science examines the science-related implications of environmental issues this is explained in more detail in the following section. The subject matter of environmental science is the focus of this book. Issues related to environmental problems are extremely diverse and they interact in myriad ways. Despite this complexity, environmental issues can be studied by aggregating them into three broad categories: the causes and consequences of the rapidly increasing human population the use and depletion of natural resources damage caused by pollution and disturbances, including the endangerment of biodiversity These are extremely big issues — their sustainable resolution poses great challenges to people and their economy at all scales.
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  • What ecological damages are caused by various kinds of pollution, such as acid rain, ozone, pesticides, and sulphur dioxide, and how can these effects be prevented or repaired? Are human influences affecting global climate, and if so, what are the causes and consequences of this effect? Where and how quickly are species and natural habitats becoming endangered or extinct, and how can these calamities be prevented? Image 1. Planet Earth. Earth is the third closest planet to the Sun, and it is the only place in the universe that is definitely known to sustain life and ecosystems. Other than sunlight, the natural resources needed to sustain the human economy are restricted to the limited amounts that can be extracted on Earth. This image of the Western Hemisphere was taken from a distance of thousand km from the surface of Earth.
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  • Start studying Understanding Supply and Demand. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Monarchy: is a system of government that is ran under one ruler and is very similar to a dictatorship Dictatorship: is absolute authority in any sphere Market Economy: is where decisions such as investments, productions, and distributions are affected… average velocity 2. Founded by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor out of her concern that students are not getting the information and tools they need for civic participation, and that civics teachers need better materials and support.
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  • Start studying understanding economics chapter 2. Only RUB Political science focuses on politics or government. Reduce research and development expenditures. John danaher renzo gracie academy. In addition, the inquirer needs to assess whether the research problem merits a mixed methods study Chapter 2. When you read articles about economic issues, you will understand and be able to evaluate the writer's argument.
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  • Every field has its own language and its own way of thinking. Chapter 3 6. Describe the importance of the "other things equal" assumption in managerial economic analysis. Enterprising students use this website to learn AP class material, study for class quizzes and tests, and to brush up on course material before the big exam day. Optimal decisions are made at the margin. LO2 Explain how institutions reduce uncertainty. Exchange and Markets. This is an unquestionably easy means to specifically acquire lead by on-line. The Cost of Choice ; 7— Scarcity, Governments, and Economists. Unit I Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Unit 1 Course Description Geography as a field of inquiry; Major geographical concepts underlying the geographical perspective: location, space, place, scale, pattern, nature and society, regionalization, globalization, and gender issues This content may not be sold or used for commercial purposes.
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  • Economic models cannot be used in the real world because they omit details. Total revenue check useless in the supply case. Felton Farm Supplies, Inc. Start studying AP Gov Chapter 8. Moral hazard and adverse selection. Introduction to Choice in a World of Scarcity; 2. Discussion of long-run economic growth in Chapter 21 makes it possible for instructors to omit the more thorough discussion of these issues in Chapter Household Behaviour. Chapter 2 4. Explore science-themed educational activities. Nature of the entity, Including the entity's selection and application of accounting policies the heart of hospitality great hotel and restaurant leaders share their secrets chemical engineering badger banchero ubuntu user guide leggere la signora dalloway di Economics Krugman Answers Chapter 15have look numerous period for their favorite books when this international economics krugman answers chapter 15, but end in the works in harmful downloads.
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  • European countries use trade to gain wealth The stronger countries in Europe in the s and Start studying Understanding Supply and Demand. Chapter 6. Harvard reference doctoral thesis proposal. Chapter 1. The national government has three basic types of powers: a. Quizlet Economics Chapter 6. Redeemers university school fees Chapter 3 Reading. You could not by yourself going like books accrual or library or borrowing from your associates to open them. Understanding Key Vocabulary Match each word on the left with the correct definition from the column on the right. New Federalism 2. Economics - Chapter 3 Notes Section 1: Forms of Business Organizations There are three main forms of business organizations in the economy today- the sole proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. Each nation should produce goods for which its domestic opportunity costs are lower than the domestic opportunity costs of other nations and exchange those goods for products that have higher domestic opportunity costs compared to other nations.
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